Last summer, my partner’s family had a 30-person reunion on Manitoulin Island, a place that holds a special place in their family's traditions. Before the trip was even fully planned, one activity was locked in: attending the Wiikwemkoong Annual Cultural Festival.
My boyfriend Jordan always talked about going to this event as a kid—how much he learned about the Indigenous community of Wiikwemkoong, and how fun it was. So when I finally got the chance to attend my first one with him, his family, and so many others, I was intrigued. As a non-Indigenous guest, I was excited but unsure of what to expect.
The festival grounds were alive with both Indigenous and non-Indigenous guests. A cultural pavilion at the entrance provided insights into the event and the Anishinaabe Culture, with volunteers ready to answer questions. The cultural pavilion had a lineup of engaging events like ‘Smoked Fish and Wild Game Demonstration’ and a talk on the Anishinaabe History of the Great Lakes and Manitoulin Island.
I never once felt out of place. The mountain of information and warm hospitality made it easy to learn and fully immerse myself in the festival. With delicious food vendors, stunning regalia, lively ceremonies, and all the interesting info available, I knew—even as a first-time attendee—I was in for a great day.
Plus, I also picked up some key tips on pow wow etiquette along the way! There are many powwows held across Ontario every summer, so if you're curious, don't be shy! If you’re planning to attend your first powwow, here’s what you should know:
A powwow is a cultural celebration, not a party or festival in the way some might expect. It’s a time for Indigenous communities to honour their culture through dance, music, food, and art.
Held annually on Manitoulin Island, the Wiikwemkoong Annual Cultural Festival is the largest and longest-running powwow in Northeastern North America, with roots dating back to 1961. In August 2024, I attended the 63rd year, which featured a packed three-day schedule, including Champion Anishinaabe Dance Competitions, the Miss Wiikwemkoong Pageant, and the Men’s Smoke Dance.
Hosted by the Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory—unceded territory, meaning they never signed away land rights—the festival carries deep historical and cultural significance. Learning this added even more meaning to my experience, highlighting the resilience of a community that has existed before 1610, long before Canada became a country.
The regalia worn by dancers are absolutely stunning—vibrant beadwork, intricate featherwork, and endless details. It’s tempting to take photos and videos, but always ask first. Some may say yes, others may prefer not to be photographed, and that choice should always be respected.
One of the biggest lessons I learned came during the Grand Entry and Opening Prayer, which marked the official start of the powwow. Excited and taking it all in, I instinctively reached for my phone to record, only to be gently reminded by an elder that this was not a time for filming. I felt embarrassed and mortified, but grateful for this lesson.
Powwow dances carry deep cultural meaning and take years of practice. Unless invited, don’t mimic the movements. That said, there are moments when guests are encouraged to join in—when that happens, don’t be shy! I hesitated last year, but I’ll definitely be participating next time.
Powwows are alcohol- and substance-free events. Many Indigenous ceremonies and gatherings uphold this rule as a sign of respect.
For me, one of the most breathtaking moments of the event was watching the Jingle Dress Dance, a sacred women’s dance and tradition. The performers were divided by age group, with women stepping onto the field in beautiful, distinctive outfits covered in rows of metal cones. As they moved, the cones clinked together in perfect rhythm with the drumming. It was a mesmerizing sound. Paired with all the colour, watching them dance was unforgettable—graceful, powerful, and full of meaning.
Taking time to learn about the community hosting the powwow makes your experience even more meaningful. If you haven’t researched beforehand, stop by the cultural pavilion! That’s where I learned the deep history of the Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory on Manitoulin Island, adding even more depth to what I was witnessing.
Aside from the volunteers at the pavilion, it is not anyone’s job to educate visitors. That said, I found many people happy to share their knowledge. I was lucky to meet a group practicing in their drumming circle, and they warmly answered my (many) questions. That said, always remember that being taught about another culture is a privilege, not a right—approach these conversations with gratitude and humility.
Only Anishinaabe artisans were allowed to sell at the event, so that meant everything was authentic and locally made. The beadwork, crafts, and handmade goods were really intricate, and it felt great knowing my purchases were directly supporting Indigenous creators.
And the food? Get ready to eat! My boyfriend tried a bison burger and I, along with many of his family members, indulged in a special type of taco—a generous serving of taco ingredients piled onto a golden, crispy piece of deep-fried dough - usually bannock or fry-bread. Delicious, but definitely not easy to eat gracefully (note to self: don’t wear white next year).
Attending my first powwow on Manitoulin Island was so special. From the deep, steady beat of the drums to the powerful dancing, every moment is etched into my memory forever. One of the most special parts was seeing all the younger kids in Jordan’s family take it all in—watching them learn, and experience the same traditions that Jordan did when he was their age.
It felt like a full-circle moment, introducing the next generation to a community that has such significance for Manitoulin Island. I, too, learned so much during this event. As an adult, I gained a deeper appreciation for rich traditions and ceremonies shared by the Indigenous community.
The Wiikwemkoong Annual Cultural Festival on Manitoulin is held every year! If you have the opportunity to attend, I highly recommend it. But remember, approach the event with respect, curiosity, and an understanding of powwow etiquette.
